SOCIAL CONSTRUTIVISMO E TEORIA DO ATOR-REDE: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE DOIS MÉTODOS DE PESQUISA EM SOCIOLOGIA DA CIÊNCIA E DA INOVAÇÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2019v6n1.p136-153Abstract
Este artigo aborda a relação entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade, a partir das abordagens teórico-metodológicas de pesquisa: Social Construtivismo e Teoria do Ator-Rede, por meio da discussão de conceitos e estudos empíricos. Analisa as diferenças e suas implicações na utilização de uma ou outra abordagem enquanto método de pesquisa. O Social Construtivismo permite perceber que não há um determinismo tecnológico, pois o desenvolvimento de distintas tecnologias passa por um intenso processo de negociação social e que não existe, a priori, um único ou o melhor caminho. Já a Teoria do Ator-Rede possibilita tangenciar a dicotomia sociedade/natureza, pois parte do princípio que o mundo social e o mundo natural devem ser tratados de forma simétrica, pela composição de redes sociotécnicas.
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