THE MEGACITY COMMONS: AN INVESTIGATION OF SÃO PAULO’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE ON THE COMMONS ECONOMY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2016v2n2.p78-93Resumo
As the current neoliberal economic system, based on money and competition, is failing, the commons economy appears as a possible new arrangement to occupy its place. Half of humankind live in urban areas, a trend that will increase in the next 15 years – specially the growth of megacities. Brazil has two of them – São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro – where urban commons initiatives are flourishing, despite their lack of connection and visibility. This article explores the need for mapping, integration and creation of a governance structure to support and stimulate the urban commons in megacities, by using São Paulo as a case study. The scale, diversity and challenges offered by this type of environment can enrich and evolve the knowledge on the commons economy.
Downloads
Referências
st IASC Thematic Conference on the Urban Commons. ‘Ten points on the city as commons.’ Labgov. 03 December 2015. Available in: <http://www.labgov.it/ten-points-on-the-city-as-commons>. Accessed in: 11 january 2016.
______. ‘The City as Commons Homepage’. Labgov. Available in: <http://www.labgov.it/urbancommons>. Accessed in: November 2015.
BANKSY. Banksy does New York. (17 November 2014) Film. Director Chris Moukarbel. HBO Films. Video, 1:30 hour.
BARBER, B. ‘Why Mayors should rule the world’ TED Edinburg. June 2013. Available in:
http://video-subtitle.tedcdn.com/talk/podcast/2013G/None/BenjaminBarber_2013G-480p-pt-br.mp4>. Video, 18 minutes.
BAUWENS, M. speaker. ‘Transformative proposals of the p2p foundation’. YouTube. 24 June 2015. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sO-QJLDpHQ0>. Video, 20 minutes. Accessed in: 12 October 2015.
BAUWENS, M. and Restakis, J. ‘Introducing the new configuration between the state, civil society and markets’. P2P e Inovação, n. 1 (Sep/Dec 2014) [Online] Available in: <http://revista.ibict.br/index.php/p2pinovacao/article/view/2235/1821>. Brasil: Ibict publisher.
BOLLIER, D. and Helfrich, S. The wealth of the commons. 2012 . UK: The Commons Strategy Group. [Online] Available in: <http://wealthofthecommons.org/contents>. Accessed in: 04 December 2015.
________. Patterns of Commoning. UK: Levellers Press, 2015.
BECKENKAMP, M. ‘Institutions and Trust in Commons: dealing with social dilemma’. The Wealth of the Commons – a world beyond market & state. Ed. Bollier, D. and Helfrich, S. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012.
DE CORTICO em ruínas a vencedor de premio internacional de moradia’. Brasil de Fato. 8 September 2015. Available in: <http://brasildefato.com.br/node/32870>. Accessed in: 6 December 2015.
________. ‘Vida em ocupacão: a luta por moradia em S.Paulo’. Brasil de Fato. 8 September 2015. Available in: <http://brasildefato.com.br/node/32867>. Accessed in: 6 December 2015.
________.‘Segunda maior ocupacão vertical da América Latina abriga quase 400 famílias’. Brasil de Fato. 8 September 2015. Available in: <http://brasildefato.com.br/node/32869>. Accessed in: 6 December 2015.
C40. History. Available in: <http://www.c40.org/history>. Accessed in: 14 December 2015.
CASTELLS, M. ‘Por um Brasil que desconhecemos’. Fronteiras do Pensamento. 25 Junho 2013. Youtube. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYAu2MA4yMI>. Accessed in: 15 December 2015.
________. Fronteiras do Pensamento. Youtube. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n01-dDhdLc4>. Accessed in: 15 December 2015.
________. ‘The Rise of the Network Society’. In: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. V1. 2.ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2000.
COX, W. ‘The world’s ten largest megacities’. Huffington Post. 17 February 2015. Available in: <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/wendell-cox>. Accessed in: 14 December 2015.
DEMOGRAPHIA. World Megacities. World Urban Areas Index 2015. Demographia. Available in: http://www.demographia.com/db-megacity.pdf>. Accessed in: 14 December 2015.
DODD, M. ‘Creative Cities: Managing Chaos not Cleaning up Mess.’ Cultures of Resilience . Available in: <http://www.culturesofresilience.org/wordpress/?p=206>. Accessed in: 4 January 2016.
CONHECA os bastidores da ocupacão das escolas em São Paulo’. EBC. 14 December 2015. Available in: <http://www.ebc.com.br/educacao/2015/12/caminhos-da-reportagem-traz-bastidores-da-ocupacao-das-escolas-em-sp-assista>. Accessed in: 15 December 2015.
SÃO PAULO ganhará 45 mil habitantes por ano até 2030’. Folha de S.Paulo. 1 January 2014. Available in: <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2014/01/1401210-sao-paulo- ganhara-45-mil-habitantes-por-ano-ate-2030.shtml>. Accessed in: 14 December 2015.
GARCIA, N. speaker ‘Cidade Reinventada’. Cidades para Pessoas. 16 Semptember 2015. http://cidadesparapessoas.com/cidade-reinventada/ [15 December 2015]
________. speaker. ‘Cidades para Pessoas: Natália Garcia – TEDxFloripa’. TED Talks. Youtube. 16 December 2013. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_ continue=1065&v=GNaovn4ta7M>. Accessed in: 15 December 2015. Video, 17:45 minutes.
GORENFLO, N. speaker. ‘Building a Network of Sharing Cities’. OuiShareTV. Youtube. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkZZlSHU8-E>. Accessed in: 11 June 2014. Video, 12:33 minutes
GUALLART, V. speaker. ‘The Self-Sufficient City’. OuiShareTV [Online]. Youtube. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfn-0b8yJe8>. Accessed in: 11 June 2014. Video, 13:16 minutes
HARVEY, D. ‘The right to the city’. New Left Review 53, September- October 2008, 23-53.
HESS, C. Mapping the New Commons. DLC. 19 June 2008. Available in: <http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/304/Mapping_the_Ne wCommons.pdf>. Accessed in: 10 january 2016.
HOPKINS, R. The Transition Handbook: From Oil Dependency to Local Resilience. UK: UIT Cambridge Ltd., 2014.
IBGE. Painel Cidades. IBGE. 2014. Available in: <http://cidades.ibge.gov.br/painel/ painel.php?codmun=330455>. Accessed in: 14 December 2015.
JACOBS, J. The death and life of great American cities. USA: Vintage, 1992.
KREIBICH, V. ‘Metropolis: Our common future in the urban age.’ In: KRULL, W.(Eds.): Research and Responsibility. Reflections on our common future (2011) 97-110.
MOVIMENTO Boa Praca. Available in: <http://movimentoboapraca.com.br>. Accessed in: 15 December 2015.
MOVIMENTO Cidade Colaborativa. ‘Guia São Paulo Cidade Colaborativa 2015’. Cidade Colaborativa. 15 September 2015. Available in: <http://www.cidadecolaborativa.org/downloads/ guia-digital-cidade-colaborativa.pdf>. Accessed in: 10 March 2016. Brasil: GIG, Vitacon and ESPM publishers.
OBSERVATÓRIO das Metrópoles. ‘Projeto Direito à Cidade’. Observatorio das metropoles. August 2015. Available in: <http://www.observatoriodasmetropoles.net/index.php? option=com_content& view=article&id=1780&Itemid=179&lang=pt#>. Accessed in: 10 january 2016.
OSTROM, E. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
PURCELL, M. ‘Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant.’ Geo Journal 58 (2002) 99-108. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
RAPSON, R., BRADLEY, J., CLAY, A. and HIRSCHBERG, P. ‘Is the next big urban innovation hiding in plain sight?’. Aspen Ideas Festival 2015. no date. Aspen Ideas Festival. Available in: <http://www.aspenideas.org/session/next-big-urban-innovation-hiding-plain-sight-aspen-policy-series>. Accessed in: 10 January 2016. Podcast, 45:28 minutes.
RINNE, A. ‘Four ways cities can embrace the sharing economy’. World Economic Forum. 3 november 2014. Available in: <http://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/11/four-ways-cities-can-embrace- sharing-economy>. Accessed in: 13 january 2016.
_______. speaker ‘Sharing Cities: Rethinking Urban Planning & Sustainable Growth’ OuiShareTV. Youtube. 11 June 2014. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=xfdLgEqv8eU Video>. Accessed in: 12 January 2016. 14:33 minutes
ROY, A. ‘The 21st Century Metropolis: The Making of Urban Futures’. Essen: Our Common Future Conference (6 November 2010).
SANKAR, S., ZEYNEP, G.C. and MORWITZ, V. ‘Withholding Consumption: a social dilemma perspective on consumer boycotts’. Journal of Consumer Research. 28 (December 2001). USA.
TV Brasil. ‘Anjos Rebeldes’. Youtube. 11 December 2015. Available in: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1163&v=necSPQchYXk>. Accessed in: 15 December 2015.
Wikipedia. ‘Jane Jacobs’ https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Jacobs
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
A revista é publicada sob a licença Creative Commons - Atribuição - Uso Não Comercial - Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 4.0 Internacional.
O trabalho publicado é considerado colaboração e, portanto, o autor não receberá qualquer remuneração para tal, bem como nada lhe será cobrado em troca para a publicação.
Os textos são de responsabilidade de seus autores.
É permitida a reprodução total ou parcial dos textos da revista, desde que citada a fonte.
