This research aims to analyze postcolonial and decolonial studies through bibliographical research. It investigates the development of postcolonialism and decoloniality that emerge as epistemological alternatives resulting from the process of struggle and resistance to colonization. It assimilates the circumstances of emergence and development, as well as the fields of discussion, disconnections, connections, contrasts, and interests of both theories. The theoretical discussion is based on Latin-American critical thought. To analyze the phenomenon, we conducted a survey from different sources of information. The research has an exploratory-investigation character and a qualitative approach. To understand the development of epistemological cartography, it uses dialectic to unveil the postcolonial and decolonial epistemic territories. Finally, it understands that the permanence of coloniality is the result of struggles, dependencies, contradictions, and resistances that cross borders and do not end in the North and South binomial. To analyze this issue, one must consider the complexity and refinement of the colonialities that form the intellectual and economic elites and structure scientific discourse, including studies that emerge as epistemological alternatives.