Considerações acerca dos conceitos de autorreflexão e emancipação na pesquisa-ação

Abstract

The objective is to make considerations about the concept of self-reflection and emancipation, intertwining it with action research, through dialogue between Jürgen Habermas, Theodor W. Adorno, Wilfred Carr and Stephen Kemmis. The concepts of self-reflection and emancipation emerge in the Frankfurt School through Adorno and are incorporated by Habermas, who gives them another meaning. Carr and Kemmis, when reflecting on emancipatory action research in education, take Habermas as a foundation and constitute the concept of critical self-reflection. Based on the authors' considerations, the article reflects on the self-reflection incorporated in the action research methodology, mainly regarding the continued training of education professionals. In light of Habermasian assumptions, the concepts of self-reflection and emancipation are defended through communicative action, in which the paradigm of consciousness is transposed to the paradigm of language. It is understood that for Adorno, self-reflection is directly linked to freedom, critical thinking and autonomy, which guide the individual towards emancipation. While for Habermas, self-reflection is linked to language and communication, between two or more subjects, which guide them towards emancipation. Carr and Kemmis, inspired by the cyclical spiral proposed by Lewin and Habermas' self-reflection, will defend the self-reflective spiral in action research. In view of this, it is understood that the problems of education have prospects for solid changes in communicative rationality, especially through training processes.