This communication is based on the preliminary results of the discussion in the field of Sociology made to the survey "Nanotechnologies applied to food and biofuels, recognizing the essential elements for the development of risk indicators and regulatory frameworks that protect health and the environment" (Edital o4/CII – 2008 – Nanobiotecnologia - CAPES). It starts with the premise that when analyzing the different dimensions of social life affected by nanotechnology, we must think about the new social values stemming from this technological advance and the numerous possibilities that are presented to society as a consequence of this "new scientific revolution". The challenges in the social sciences, especially in the field of sociology of science and technology, will increase proportionally to the extent that scientific and technological frontier areas accelerate their entry into the world of life through technological and organizational innovations. The new social settings due to a constantly changing world, marked by liquidity, as stated by Bauman (2001), are becoming increasingly prominent. This process has effects on the psychosocial structures of individuals, pressing the explanatory power of traditional theories and conceptual tools of social science.