The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dialogue established between the legitimation of the Open Access Movement and the Development Agenda of World Intellectual Property Organization. In view of the setting of the Information Society based on the knowledge economy, copyrights represent strategic issues in international negotiations. However, the context of scientific communication shows a contradiction in the model of regulation of copyrights: ownership and the socialization of knowledge. The Open Access movement may represent a way to balance the roles of copyright, especially in developing countries.