The article discusses the scientific production in Neuroscience of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul as regards articles published in national and international journals indexed in the Web of Science database. The sample consists of 847 articles published from 2000 to 2009 and indexed in the database in the Neuroscience category. Activity, impact and collaboration indicators are used to characterize patterns and trends in the scientific production in Neuroscience at UFRGS. The results demonstrate that the field presents significant and growing scientific production, with high impact and strongly produced in collaboration.