This is a scenario study of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil using the SWOT matrix analysis instruments. A systematic literature review was carried out, using the Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus databases, which resulted in the complete analysis of 17 articles. The results point out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats considering the particular context. This analysis allows a holistic assessment of the problem and can contribute to the development and direction of strategies for the prevention and control of the disease