INDICATOR ANALYSIS FOR SMART CITIES
A systematic review and research agenda proposal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21728/p2p.2024v10n2e-6879Keywords:
smart cities, indicators, dimensions, systematic reviewAbstract
Smart cities integrate technology and agility to address urbanization and governance challenges, as well as enhance the quality of life for their citizens. In this context, it is necessary to understand the indicators that define the construct of smart cities, considering the previously studied theoretical framework. This research aims to map the formative indicators of a smart city through the analysis of articles published on the topic. Additionally, it intends to present a research agenda on the subject to support future studies in this field of knowledge. As a method, a systematic literature review was adopted based on the PRISMA model, with research on the “Periódicos Capes” database. The research considered English-language articles published in the last ten years (2013-2022), using the keywords "smart cities," "indicators," and "framework" as filters. Based on the research, 35 articles were identified, covering a range of specific indicators in their respective areas, allocated within six dimensions. The findings of the research provide contributions for researchers in the field and public officials seeking knowledge about smart cities for practical application.
Downloads
References
REFERÊNCIAS
AHVENNIEMI, H.; HUOVILA, I.; PINTO-SEPÄ, M. A. What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities, v. 60, p. 234-245, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009
AKANDE, A. et al. The Lisbon ranking for smart sustainable cities in Europe. Sustainable Cities and Society, v. 44, p. 475-487, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.009
ANDRADE, M. F.; COUTINHO, M. M.; VASCONCELLOS, A. M. Os efeitos das necessidades humanas para o engajamento do cidadão na adoção de tecnologia para as cidades inteligentes: um estudo aplicado à cidade de Belém (PA). P2P E INOVAÇÃO, v. 10, n. 1, p. 202–225, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21728/p2p.2023v10n1.p202-225
ANTWI-AFARI, P. et al. Modeling the Smartness or Smart Development Levels of Developing Countries' Cities. Journal of Urban Management, v. 10, n. 4, p. 369–381, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2021.06.005
ARMAN, A. et al. Identifying the Components and Interrelationships of Smart Cities in Indonesia: Supporting Policymaking via Fuzzy Cognitive Systems. IEEE Access, v. 7, p. 46136-46151, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2908622
BENITES, A.; SIMÕES, A. Assessing the urban sustainable development strategy: An application of a smart city services sustainability taxonomy. Ecological Indicators, v. 127, p. 107734, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107734
BRASIL. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística. Censo 2022 indica que o Brasil totaliza 203 milhões de habitantes: A alta na população é de 6,4% em relação a 2010. Número de domicílios tem alta de 34% em relação ao último censo e chega a 90,6 milhões de moradias. Serviços e Informações do Brasil, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/pt-br/noticias/financas-impostos-e-gestao-publica/2023/06/censo-2022-indica-que-o-brasil-totaliza-203-milhoes-de-habitantes#:~:text=%C2%BB%20Em%202022%2C%20as%20concentra%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20urbanas,viviam%20em%20cidades%20desse%20porte. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2023.
CAIRD, S. P.; HALLET, S. H.. Towards Evaluation Design for Smart City Development. Journal of Urban Design, v. 24, n. 2, p. 188–209, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2018.1469402
CAMPOS, R. O discurso internacional das cidades inteligentes: a estratégia Smart City Berlin. 7o Congresso Luso Brasileiro Para o Planejamento Urbano, Regional, Integrado e Sustentável, p. 3, 2016. Disponível em: https://fau.ufal.br/evento/pluris2016/files/Tema%202%20-%20Cidades%20Inovadoras%20e%20%20Inteligentes/Paper1019.pdf. Acesso em: 01 junho 2023.
CHANCEL, L. et al. World Inequality Report 2022. World Inequality Lab, 2022. Disponível em: https://wir2022.wid.world/www-site/uploads/2022/01/Summary_WorldInequalityReport2022_English.pdf. Acesso em: 01 junho 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674276598
CHEN, Y.; SILVA, E. Smart transport: A comparative analysis using the most used indicators in the literature juxtaposed with interventions in English metropolitan areas. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, v. 10, p. 100371, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100371
CHOI, H.; SONG, S. Direction for a Transition toward Smart Sustainable Cities based on the Diagnosis of Smart City Plans. Smart Cities (Basel), v. 6, n. 1, p. 156-178, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6010009
CONNECTED SMART CITIES. Ranking Connected Smart Cities. Urban Systems, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.aen.pr.gov.br/sites/default/arquivos_restritos/files/documento/2022-10/relatoriorankingcsc2022.pdf. Acesso em: 28 maio 2023.
CUNHA, M. A. Smart Cities: Transformação Digital de Cidades. 1ª ed. São Paulo: FGV EAESP, 2016.
DEBNATH, A. et al. A methodological framework for benchmarking smart transport cities. Cities, v. 37, p. 47-56, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.11.004
DAS, D. Perspectives of smart cities in South Africa through applied systems analysis approach: A case of Bloemfontein. Construction Economics and Building, v. 20, n. 2, p. 65-88, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v20i2.6657
DASHKEVYCH, O.; PORTNOV, B. A. Criteria for Smart City Identification: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 8, p. 4448, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084448
DZUPKA, P.; HORVATH, M. URBAN SMART-MOBILITY PROJECTS EVALUATION. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, v. 16, n.4, p. 55-76, 2021.
FARINIUK, D. T. Smart cities e pandemia: tecnologias digitais na gestão pública de cidades brasileiras. Revista de Administração Pública, v. 54. p. 860-873, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200272
FERNÁNDEZ-ANEZ, V. et al. Smart city projects assessment matrix: connecting challenges and actions in the Mediterranean region. J. Urban Technol, p. 1-25, 2018.
GARAU, C. et al. A Methodological Framework for Assessing Practicability of the Urban Space: The Survey on Conditions of Practicable Environments (SCOPE) Procedure Applied in the Case Study of Cagliari (Italy). Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), v. 10, n. 11, p. 4189, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114189
GIFFINGER, R. et al. Smart Cities - Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Vienna University of Technology, p. 28, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf. Acesso em: 01 junho 2023.
HELLIWELL, J. F. et al. World Happiness Report 2023. Sustainable Development Solutions Network, v. 11, p. 25 , 2023. Disponível em: https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2023/WHR+23.pdf. Acesso em: 04 junho 2023.
HSU, W. et al. Smart City Governance Evaluation in the Era of Internet of Things: An Empirical Analysis of Jiangsu, China. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), v. 13 n. 24, p. 13606, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413606
KIM, N.; YANG, S. Characteristics of Conceptually Related Smart Cities (CRSCs) Services from the Perspective of Sustainability. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 13, n 6, p. 3334, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063334
KLOPP, J.; PETRETTA, D. The urban sustainable development goal: Indicators, complexity and the politics of measuring cities. Cities, v. 63, p. 92-97, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.12.019
KOURTIT, K. et al. Comparative Urban Performance Assessment of Safe Cities through Data Envelopment Analysis. Regional Science Policy & Practice, v. 13, n. 3, p. 591–602, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12276
KOURTIT, K.; NIJKAMP, P. Big data dashboards as smart decision support tools for i-cities – An experiment on Stockholm. Land Use Policy, v. 71, p. 24-35, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.10.019
KUTTY, A. A. et al. Urban Resilience and Livability Performance of European Smart Cities: A Novel Machine Learning Approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 378, p. 134203, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134203
LIN, C. et al. Smart City Development and Residents’ Well-Being. Sustainability, v. 11, n.3, p. 676, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030676
LIU, J. et al. Towards sustainable smart cities: Maturity assessment and development pattern recognition in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 370, p. 133248, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133248
MOHER, D. et al. THE PRISMA GROUP. Principais itens para relatar revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises: A recomendação PRISMA. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, v. 24, n. 2, p. 355-342, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742015000200017
MOUSTAKA, V. et al. Urban Data Dynamics: A Systematic Benchmarking Framework to Integrate Crowdsourcing and Smart Cities’ Standardization. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), v. 13, n.15, p. 8553, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158553
NIETO BERNAL, W.; GARCÍA ESPITALETA, K. Framework for Developing an Information Technology Maturity Model for Smart City Services in Emerging Economies: (FSCE2). Applied Sciences, v. 11, n. 22, p. 10712, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210712
NTAFALIAS, A. et al. A Comprehensive Methodology for Assessing the Impact of Smart City Interventions: Evidence from Espoo Transformation Process. Smart Cities (Basel), v. 5 n. 1, p. 90-107, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5010006
OGRODNIK, K. Multi-criteria analysis of smart cities in Poland. Geographia Polonica, v. 93 n. 2, p. 163-181, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0168
LEKA, A.; STRATIGEA, A.; PANAGIOTOPOULOU, M. In search of indicators for assessing smart and sustainable cities and communities' performance .Int. J. E-Plan. Res, vol. 6 n. 1, p. 43-73, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.2017010103
LOPEZ-CARREIRO, I.; MONZON, A. Evaluating sustainability and innovation of mobility patterns in Spanish cities. Analysis by size and urban typology. Sustainable Cities and Society, v. 38, p. 684-696, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.029
POLIAKOVA, O.; POZDNIAKOVA, A. A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATING THE PROGRESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMART CITY CONCEPT IN UKRAINIAN CITIES. Problemi Ekonomìki, v. 1, n. 1, p. 74-82, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2019-1-74-82
PURNOMO, F.; MEYLIANA.; PRABOWO, H. Smart City Indicators: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC), v. 8, n. 3, p. 161–164, 2016.
RAHMANI MOKARRARI, K.; TORABI, S. Ranking cities based on their smartness level using MADM methods. Sustainable Cities and Society, v. 72, p. 103030, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103030
REBERNIK, N. et al. Measuring Disability Inclusion Performance in Cities Using Disability Inclusion Evaluation Tool (DIETool). Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), v. 12 n. 4, p. 1378, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041378
SENOUSI, A. et al A Proposed Framework for Identification of Indicators to Model High-Frequency Cities. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information, v. 10, n. 5, p. 317, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050317
SHARIFI, A.; ALLAM, Z. On the taxonomy of smart city indicators and their alignment with sustainability and resilience. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, v. 49, n. 5, p. 1536-1555. https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083211058798. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083211058798
SHARIFI, A. A critical review of selected smart city assessment tools and indicator sets. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 233, p. 1269-1283, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.172
SHARIFI, A. Smart City Indicators: Towards Exploring Potential Linkages to Disaster Resilience Abilities. APN Science Bulletin (Online), v. 2022, n. 1, p. 76–90, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1873
SHEN, L. et al. A holistic evaluation of smart city performance in the context of China. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 200, p. 667-679. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.281
SHRUTI, S.; SINGH, P.; OHRI, A. Evaluating the Environmental Sustainability of Smart Cities in India: The Design and Application of the Indian Smart City Environmental Sustainability Index. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), v. 13, n. 1, p. 327, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010327
TAN, M. Creating the digital economy: Strategies and perspectives from singapore. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, v. 3, n. 3, p. 105-122, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.1999.11518344
WENDLING, L. et al. Benchmarking Nature-Based Solution and Smart City Assessment Schemes Against the Sustainable Development Goal Indicator Framework. Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 6, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00069
WESTRAADT, L., & CALITIZ, A. A modeling framework for integrated smart city planning and management. Sustainable Cities and Society, v. 63, p. 102444, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102444
YEH, H. The effects of successful ICT-based smart city services: From citizens' perspectives. Government Information Quarterly, v. 34, n. 3, p. 556-565, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.05.001
ZAIDAN, E. et al. Accelerating the Change to Smart Societies- a Strategic Knowledge-Based Framework for Smart Energy Transition of Urban Communities. Frontiers in energy research, v. 10, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.852092
ZAPOLSKYTE, S. et al. Evaluation Criteria of Smart City Mobility System Using MCDM Method. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, v. 15, n. 4, p. 196-224, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.501
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rafael Tezza, Pedro Hochsteiner, Ana Paula Kieling
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The journal is published under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Noncommercial - Share Alike 3.0 Brazil.
The published work is considered collaboration and therefore the author will not receive any remuneration for this as well as anything will be charged in exchange for publication.
All texts are responsibility of the authors.
It’s allowed partial or total reproduction of the texts of the magazine since the source is cited.